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(No Model.)

G. D. BARNARD.

' BOOK.

Patented. Nov. 13, 1888.

1 Nrrnn STATES ATENT FFME@ BOOK.

SPECFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 392,840, dated November 13, 1888.

Application filed August 12, 1887. Serial No. 246.763.

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE D. BARNARD, of St. Louis, Missouri, have made a new and useful Improvement in Books, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The improvement is adapted more especially to bulky volumes, such as record-books; but I desire not to be restricted thereto.

It relates to the improved means for uniting the leaves with the back of the book. Books have been made in which the sections or signatures have been attached to the back by inea-ns of what is termed a guard, said guard being a strip interposed between the signatures and the back and being flexible in the direction of its width, and the signature being attached to the outer edge of the guard, and the inner edge of the guard being attached to the back of the book, thus providing not only a hinge-connection immediately at the back for the guard to turn on and a hinge'at the outer edge of the guard for the signature to turn on, but also by making the guard ilexible, as described, providing in eifcct an additional joint or joints between thc inner and outer edges of the guard.

The construction here presented is an improvement upon the one referred to, in this: The guard, in the place of being iexible, is made practically'stiif, so as to dispense with any j oint or joints between the inner and outer edges of the guard, and the signatures are thereby better held apart as the book is opened.

Another feature of the improvement is the means for attaching the guards to the back of the book, whereby much of the customary whip-stitching at that point is obviated and the construction cheapened and strengthened, all substantially as represented in the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a view in perspective showing a signature attached to a guard. Fig. 2 is an end sectional elevation of the signature and gu'ard, the broken lines indicating the manner of unfolding the guard when the signature is being attached thereto, and the shape 0f the guard when nearly folded being shown in the full lines. Fig. 3 is a view showing the manner of attaching the straps to the guards,

(No model.)

the strap being inserted in the guards; and Fig. 4 is an end elevation illustrating the action of the guards when the book is opened.

The same letters of reference denote the same parts.

The book-cover as well as other parts not essential to an understanding of the improvement are not shown.

A represents a section or signature of the book.

B represents the improved guard. It is, in practice, composed of a piece or pieces, b b, Fig. 2, of stiff paper covered with cloth, b; and to enable the signature to be hinged directly to the center of the outer edge, b2, of the guard the guard is made to open at its inner edge, b, as shown in the full and broken lines, Fig.,2, and the signature is attached by sewing it to what is the middle of the guard when developed or opened out, and being the outer edge when thc guard is folded and closed, as in Fig. 3. Either stitching C or staples may be used to attach the signature, and substantially as is shown. Vhen the guard is closed, the signature thereby becomes attached by means of an inflexible strip to the bookback.

The most desirable means for connecting the assembled signatures and guards, Figs. 3 and 4, with the book-cover is the other feature of the improvement.

l) D represent straps or equivalent ties, which are not laid against the inner edges of the guards, but are passed through perforations bi, Fig. 1, in the guard, substantially as shownin Figs.l,3,and4, and then theendsddof the straps are connected with the cover by any of the customary methods (not necessary here to beset out.) By this means the straps do not require to be sewed to the guards, and the guards and straps are more strongly united than bythe means hitherto in use. The guards and signatures assume the position shown in Fig. 4 when the book is opened.

The subject-matter described and claimed in the pending application of mine for Letters Patent for an improvement in books, filed March 2, 1888, Serial No. 265,973, also in my pending application, Serial No. 247 ,464, filed August 20, 1887, l. do not in this application desire to claim.

I claim"l IOO 1. The combination, in a book, of the folded said guards, andthe covers-, to which the ends and perforated guards and the straps passing of the straps are secured, substantially as dero through said perforations and adapted to be scribed.

secured to the cover, substantially as described. Witness my hand. l

2. The combination, in a book, of the sig- GEORGE D. BARNARD. natures A, the inflexible folding guards B, Witnesses: having the signatures secured thereto and per- C. D. MOODY,

forated at b, and the straps D, passing through A. M. EVERIsT. 

